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Health Policy and Planning Advance Access published online on November 21, 2005
Health Policy and Planning, doi:10.1093/heapol/czj004
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© The Author 2005, Published by Oxford University Press in association with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. All rights reserved.

Original Papers

Do malaria preventive interventions reach the poor? Socioeconomic inequities in expenditure on and use of mosquito control tools in Sudan

Obinna Onwujekwe 1 *, El-Fatih Malik 2, Sara Hassan Mustafa 3, and Abraham Mnzavaa 4

1 Gates Malaria Partnership, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Health Policy Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
2 National Malaria Administration, Khartoum, Sudan
3 Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan
4 World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO), Cairo, Egypt

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Obinna Onwujekwe, E-mail: onwujekwe{at}yahoo.co.uk


  Abstract

Objectives: To determine levels of socioeconomic inequities in the prevention of malaria, and to examine the implications of the findings for improving the equitable control of malaria in the Sudan.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered to 720 randomly selected householders from six localities in Gezira and Khartoum States. A socioeconomic status (SES) index, which was developed using principal components analysis, was used to examine socioeconomic inequity in the prevention of malaria.

Findings: Socioeconomic status was positively related to expenditures and use of vector control tools. The poorest households spent the least amounts of money to prevent malaria and were the least likely to own mosquito nets.

Conclusion: The inequity in the prevention of malaria in the study areas has to be redressed before malaria can be effectively controlled in Sudan. Malaria control managers should continually determine the extent to which malaria preventive tools reach the poorest socioeconomic groups, and fashion strategies that will ensure that equity is always maintained.

Keywords: equity; socioeconomic status; SES; malaria; vector control; Sudan.
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