Health Policy and Planning Advance Access originally published online on May 10, 2007
Health Policy and Planning 2007 22(4):216-224; doi:10.1093/heapol/czm014
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Hard to handle: understanding mothers handwashing behaviour in Ghana
1 Research Fellow, The Hygiene Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), UK.
2 PhD Candidate, Department of Anthropology, University College London, UK.
3 Senior Lecturer and Director, The Hygiene Centre, LSHTM, UK.
* Corresponding author. The Hygiene Centre, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK. Tel: +44 (0)20 7927 2398. E-mail: beth.scott{at}lshtm.ac.uk
While handwashing with soap (HWWS) has been identified as a major pathway to reducing the risk of diarrhoeal diseases, and respiratory infections, rates of HWWS remain low across the globe. The current study, a national survey of Ghanaian mothers, found that as few as 4% of mothers engaged in HWWS after defecation, and only 2% after cleaning a child's bottom. In a multivariate analysis, we explored the determinants of handwashing at these key junctures, with and without soap. After defecation, mother's education, knowledge of important times to handwash with soap, the age of her children, and a measure of the quality of child care were all associated with handwashing (in any form). However, only the latter two variables also predicted soap use amongst handwashers. After cleaning a child's bottom, education, knowledge of important times to handwash with soap, and child care quality were associated with handwashing (in any form), yet only one variable, a measure of disgust sensitivity, showed any possible relationship with soap use. While this study has several important limitations, failure to explain much of the observed variance, despite a large range of potential determinants explored, suggests that we need to continue complementing quantitative surveys with in-depth qualitative studies if we are to better understand the motivations for, and constraints to, HWWS in community settings.
Key Words: Hygiene behaviour, handwashing, diarrhoea, Ghana
Accepted for publication 1 March 2007.