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Health Policy and Planning; 16(1): 47-54
© Oxford University Press 2001

Utilization of private and public health-care providers for tuberculosis symptoms in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Knut Lönnroth1,2, Le Minh Thuong3, Pham Duy Linh3 and Vinod K Diwan2,4

1 Department of Social Medicine, Göteborg University, Sweden,
2 Nordic School of Public Health, Göteborg, Sweden,
3 Pham Ngoc Thach TB and Lung Disease Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and
4 Division of International Health (IHCAR), Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

In Vietnam, as in many other countries, tuberculosis (TB) control has long been organized exclusively within the public health-care system. However, recently the private health-care sector has become more important and private health-care providers currently have a role in TB care delivery in Vietnam.

Through a retrospective survey of patients at District Tuberculosis Units (DTUs) of the National Tuberculosis Programme in Ho Chi Minh City, we investigated utilization of private and public health-care providers among people with symptoms of TB. Eight hundred and one patients in eight DTUs were interviewed. For the current illness episode, about half of the patients had initially opted for a private health-care provider. Twenty-seven percent had been to a private physician and 31% to a private pharmacy at some time during their current illness. We found no significant association between socioeconomic status and use of private health-care providers.

Utilization of private health-care providers among people with TB or symptoms of TB in Ho Chi Minh City seems to be similar to the general utilization of private providers in Vietnam, at least before TB is diagnosed. Since a large proportion of people with TB in Ho Chi Minh City across all economic and social strata consult private providers at some time during their illness, planners of TB control strategies need to consider both the health-care seeking behaviour of people with TB and the clinical behaviour of private providers, in order to secure early detection of TB, early initiation of appropriate treatment, and maintenance of appropriate treatment.


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